DDR1

DDR1 is a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces collagen binding into signaling controlling adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and matrix homeostasis[1]. Mechanistically, DDR1 responds to triple-helical collagen through slow, sustained autophosphorylation, while N-glycosylation at Asn211 restrains ligand-independent phosphorylation[2]. DDR1 signaling connects extracellular matrix sensing to MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in inflammatory and fibrotic disease models[3][4][5]. In cancer models, collagen I-activated DDR1 promotes N-cadherin up-regulation in pancreatic cancer, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and chemoresistance signaling in breast cancer cells[6][7][8]. Compared with related isoforms, DDR1b, but not DDR1a, mediates collagen I-induced N-cadherin up-regulation through Tyr513, Shc1, and Pyk2 coupling in pancreatic cancer cells[6]. Compared with DDR2, DDR1 inhibition, but not DDR2 inhibition, reduced collagen I expression and improved macromolecular delivery in a 3D pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma fibrosis model[5]. For experimental applications, imatinib, ponatinib, and DDR1-IN-1 inhibit DDR kinases, and DDR1-IN-1 shows structural selectivity and induces autophagy-associated necroptotic death in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells[9][10].
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